Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. Chest. 2014;146(5):1387–94. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-0970.
Google Scholar
Morin CM, Benca R. Chronic insomnia. Lancet. 2012;379(9821):1129–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60750-2.
Google Scholar
Rosenberg RP. Prevalence, impact, and burden of insomnia and discussing it with patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2021;82(2):ei20008br1c. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.EI20008BR1C.
Google Scholar
Bernert RA, Joiner TE Jr, Cukrowicz KC, Schmidt NB, Krakow B. Suicidality and sleep disturbances. Sleep. 2005;28(9):1135–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/28.9.1135.
Google Scholar
Kapoor A, Perlis ML, Bastien C, Williams N, Hale L, Branas C, Barrett M, Killgore WD, Wills CC, Grandner MA. Associations between insomnia and anxiety symptoms: which elements of insomnia are associated with which elements of anxiety? Sleep. 2020;43(Supplement_1):A411–2. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1103.
Google Scholar
Perlis ML, Giles DE, Buysse DJ, Tu X, Kupfer DJ. Self-reported sleep disturbance as a prodromal symptom in recurrent depression. J Affect Disord. 1997;42(2–3):209–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(96)01411-5.
Google Scholar
Ishak WW, Bagot K, Thomas S, Magakian N, Bedwani D, Larson D, Brownstein A, Zaky C. Quality of life in patients suffering from insomnia. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012;9(10):13–26.
Google Scholar
Molnar F, Frank C, Chun S, Lee EK. Insomnia in older adults: approaching a clinical challenge systematically. Can Fam Physician. 2021;67(1):25–6. https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.670125.
Google Scholar
Roth T, Drake C. Defining insomnia: the role of quantitative criteria. Sleep. 2006;29(4):424–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.4.424.
Google Scholar
McCrae CS, Rowe MA, Tierney CG, Dautovich ND, Definis AL, McNamara JPH. Sleep complaints, subjective and objective sleep patterns, health, psychological adjustment, and daytime functioning in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60(4):182–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.4.P182.
Google Scholar
Wong ML, Lau KNT, Espie CA, Luik AI, Kyle SD, Lau EYY. Psychometric properties of the Sleep Condition Indicator and Insomnia Severity Index in the evaluation of insomnia disorder. Sleep Med. 2017;33:76–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.019.
Google Scholar
Meng R, Kato T, Mastrotheodoros S, Dong L, Fong DYT, Wang F, Cao M, Liu X, Yao C, Cao J, et al. Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Qual Life Res. 2023;32(2):569–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03241-9.
Google Scholar
Zhu Y, Jiang C, Yang Y, Dzierzewski JM, Spruyt K, Zhang B, Huang M, Ge H, Rong Y, Ola BA, et al. Depression and anxiety mediate the association between sleep quality and self-rated health in healthcare students. Behav Sci. 2023;13(2):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020082.
Google Scholar
Zhu Y, Meng R, Jiang C, Yang N, Huang M, Wang X, Zou W, Lou C, Xiao R, Lu J, et al. Sleep quality and subjective well-being in healthcare students: examining the role of anxiety and depression. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1281571. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281571.
Google Scholar
Huang M, Ma H, Spruyt K, Dzierzewski JM, Jiang C, He J, Yang N, Ying Y, Ola BA, Meng R. Assessing psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Sleep Quality Questionnaire among healthcare students. BMC Psychol. 2023;12(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01276-2.
Google Scholar
Yang N, Ma H, Huang M, Lau EYY, Fong DYT, Wang M, Wang P, Xu S, Xu J, Jiang C, et al. Measurement properties and optimal cutoff point of the WHO-5 among Chinese healthcare students. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023;16:5141–58. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S437219.
Google Scholar
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
Google Scholar
Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med. 2001;2(4):297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4.
Google Scholar
Espie CA, Kyle SD, Hames P, Gardani M, Fleming L, Cape J. The Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening tool to evaluate insomnia disorder. BMJ Open. 2014;4(3):e004183. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004183.
Google Scholar
Voinescu BI, Szentágotai A. Categorical and dimensional assessment of insomnia in the general population. J Cogn Behav Psychother. 2013;13(1a):197–209.
Palagini L, Ragno G, Caccavale L, Gronchi A, Terzaghi M, Mauri M, Kyle S, Espie CA, Manni R. Italian validation of the Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening tool to evaluate insomnia disorder according to DSM-5 criteria. Int J Psychophysiol. 2015;98(3 Pt 1):435–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.08.008.
Google Scholar
Bayard S, Lebrun C, Maudarbocus KH, Schellaert V, Joffre A, Ferrante E, Le Louedec M, Cournoulat A, Gely-Nargeot M-C, Luik AI. Validation of a French version of the Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening tool for insomnia disorder according to DSM-5 criteria. J Sleep Res. 2017;26(6):702–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12556.
Google Scholar
Gim W, Kim M. Development of a meditation application as an assistance tool for meditation-based interventions. J Korean Contents Assoc. 2018;18(9):441–53. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.09.441.
Google Scholar
Hellström A, Hagell P, Broström A, Ulander M, Luik AI, Espie CA, Årestedt K. A classical test theory evaluation of the Sleep Condition Indicator accounting for the ordinal nature of item response data. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(3):e0213533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213533.
Google Scholar
Ranjkesh F, Nasiri M, Sharif Nia SH, Goudarzian AH, Hosseinigolafshani SZ. Validation of the Persian version of the Sleep Condition Indicator in pregnant women. Iran J Epidemiol. 2019;14(4):366–74.
Khaled SM, Petcu C, Al-Thani MA, Al-Hamadi AMHA, Daher-Nashif S, Zolezzi M, Woodruff P. Prevalence and associated factors of DSM-5 insomnia disorder in the general population of Qatar. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03035-8.
Google Scholar
Meng R, Lau EYY, Spruyt K, Miller CB, Dong L. Assessing measurement properties of a simplified Chinese version of Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI-SC) in community residents. Behav Sci. 2022;12(11):433. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12110433.
Google Scholar
Hasan F, Vidyanti AN, Tsai PS, Wu D, Lee HC, Yuliana LT, Romadlon DS, Marta OFD, Chiu HY. Psychometric properties of Indonesian version of Sleep Condition Indicator for screening poststroke insomnia. Sleep Breath. 2023;27(5):2013–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-023-02797-1.
Google Scholar
Uygur H, Ahmed O, Uygur OF, Miller CB, Hursitoglu O, Bahar A, Demiroz D, Drake CL. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening instrument based on the DSM-5 criteria for insomnia. Nat Sci Sleep. 2024;16:63–74. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.S433656.
Google Scholar
Medeiros ALD, Mendes DBF, Lima PF, Araujo JF. The relationships between sleep-wake cycle and academic performance in medical students. Biol Rhythm Res. 2001;32(2):263–70. https://doi.org/10.1076/brhm.32.2.263.1359.
Google Scholar
Azad MC, Fraser K, Rumana N, Abdullah AF, Shahana N, Hanly PJ, Turin TC. Sleep disturbances among medical students: a global perspective. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(1):69–74. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4370.
Google Scholar
Li L, Wang YY, Wang SB, Zhang L, Li L, Xu DD, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Cui X, Liu ZM, et al. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in Chinese university students: a comprehensive meta-analysis. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(3):e12648. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12648.
Google Scholar
Perotta B, Arantes-Costa FM, Enns SC, Figueiro-Filho EA, Paro H, Santos IS, Lorenzi-Filho G, Martins MA, Tempski PZ. Sleepiness, sleep deprivation, quality of life, mental symptoms and perception of academic environment in medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02544-8.
Google Scholar
Zhang M, Qin L, Zhang D, Tao M, Han K, Chi C, Zhang Z, Tao X, Liu H. Prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: characterization and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04556-8.
Google Scholar
Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10(5):323–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001.
Google Scholar
Kayaba M, Matsushita T, Enomoto M, Kanai C, Katayama N, Inoue Y, Sasai-Sakuma T. Impact of sleep problems on daytime function in school life: a cross-sectional study involving Japanese university students. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):371. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08483-1.
Google Scholar
Anthoine E, Moret L, Regnault A, Sébille V, Hardouin J-B. Sample size used to validate a scale: a review of publications on newly-developed patient reported outcomes measures. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;12:176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0176-2.
Google Scholar
Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Health. 2018;6:149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149.
Google Scholar
Deyo RA, Diehr P, Patrick DL. Reproducibility and responsiveness of health status measures statistics and strategies for evaluation. Control Clin Trials. 1991;12(4 Suppl):142S–58S. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-2456(05)80019-4.
Google Scholar
McKechnie D, Fisher MJ. Considerations when examining the psychometric properties of measurement instruments used in health. Aust J Adv Nurs. 2022;39(2):36–47. https://doi.org/10.37464/2020.392.481.
Google Scholar
Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. Health Measurement Scales: a practical guide to their development and use. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.
Toledano-Toledano F, Rodríguez-Rey R, Moral de La Rubia J, Luna D. A sociodemographic variables questionnaire (Q-SV) for research on family caregivers of children with chronic disease. BMC Psychol. 2019;7(1):85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0350-8.
Google Scholar
Buysse DJ. Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter? Sleep. 2014;37(1):9–17. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3298.
Google Scholar
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Löwe B. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(6):613–21. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613.
Google Scholar
World Medical Association. World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–4.
Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989;56(2):267–83. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267.
Google Scholar
Buysse DJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Edinger JD, Lichstein KL, Morin CM. Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia. Sleep. 2006;29(9):1155–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.9.1155.
Google Scholar
Meng R, Dong L, Dzierzewski JM, Mastrotheodoros S, Cao M, Yu B, Wang J, Gong B, Li J, Spruyt K. The RU_SATED as a measure of sleep health: cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Chinese healthcare students. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01203-5.
Google Scholar
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA. 1999;282(18):1737–44. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737.
Google Scholar
Patient Health Queastionnaire (PHQ) Screeners. Assessed 29 Aug 2019.
Fong TCT, Ho RTH, Yip PSF. Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among Hong Kong young adults in 2021: associations with meaning in life and suicidal ideation. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1138755. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138755.
Google Scholar
Rosseel Y. lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48(2):1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02.
Google Scholar
Meade AW, Johnson EC, Braddy PW. Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance. J Appl Psychol. 2008;93(3):568–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.568.
Google Scholar
Irr: various coefficients of interrater reliability and agreement. Accessed 30 Jan 2023.
Svetina D, Rutkowski L, Rutkowski D. Multiple-group invariance with categorical outcomes using updated guidelines: an illustration using Mplus and the lavaan/semTools packages. Struct Equ Modeling. 2020;27(1):111–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776.
Google Scholar
Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Bouter LM, Terwee CB. COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1765-4.
Google Scholar
Bennett DA. How can I deal with missing data in my study? Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001;25(5):464–9.
Google Scholar
DeVon HA, Block ME, Moyle-Wright P, Ernst DM, Hayden SJ, Lazzara DJ, Savoy SM, Kostas-Polston E. A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(2):155–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x.
Google Scholar
Li C-H. Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behav Res Methods. 2016;48(3):936–49. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7.
Google Scholar
Hu Lt, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6(1):1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
Google Scholar
Browne MW, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res. 1992;21(2):230–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005.
Google Scholar
Steiger JH. Structual model evaluation and modification – an interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behav Res. 1990;25(2):173–80. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4.
Google Scholar
Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition. 7th ed. London: Pearson Higher Education; 2014.
Finch H. Measurement invariance. In: Michalos AC, editor. Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 3909–12.
Theorell-Haglöw J, Miller CB, Bartlett DJ, Yee BJ, Openshaw HD, Grunstein RR. Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnoea, insomnia and restless legs syndrome in adults – What do we know? A clinical update. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.003.
Google Scholar
Brewster GS, Riegel B, Gehrman PR. Insomnia in the older adult. Sleep Med Clin. 2022;17(2):233–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.004.
Google Scholar
Billings ME, Hale L, Johnson DA. Physical and social environment relationship with sleep health and disorders. Chest. 2020;157(5):1304–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.12.002.
Google Scholar
Friedrich A, Schlarb AA. Let’s talk about sleep: a systematic review of psychological interventions to improve sleep in college students. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(1):4–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12568.
Google Scholar
Kim BS, Jeon HJ, Hong JP, Bae JN, Lee JY, Chang SM, Lee YM, Son J, Cho MJ. DSM-IV psychiatric comorbidity according to symptoms of insomnia: a nationwide sample of Korean adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012;47(12):2019–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0502-0.
Google Scholar
Li D, Li X. Independent and combined associations between physical activity and sedentary time with sleep quality among Chinese college students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6697. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116697.
Google Scholar
Moreno Reyes P, Muñoz Gutiérrez C, Pizarro Mena R, Jiménez Torres S. Effects of physical exercise on sleep quality, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness in the elderly. A literature review. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2020;55(1):42–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2019.07.003.
Google Scholar
Rubio-Arias JÁ, Marín-Cascales E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Hernandez AV, Pérez-López FR. Effect of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas. 2017;100:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.003.
Google Scholar
Pengpid S, Peltzer K, Kassean HK, Tsala Tsala JP, Sychareun V, Müller-Riemenschneider F. Physical inactivity and associated factors among university students in 23 low-, middle- and high-income countries. Int J Public Health. 2015;60(5):539–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0680-0.
Google Scholar
Gardani M, Bradford DRR, Russell K, Allan S, Beattie L, Ellis JG, Akram U. A systematic review and meta-analysis of poor sleep, insomnia symptoms and stress in undergraduate students. Sleep Med Rev. 2022;61:101565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101565.
Google Scholar
Hamadi HY, Zakari NMA, Jibreel E, Al Nami FN, Smida JAS, Ben Haddad HH. Stress and coping strategies among nursing students in clinical practice during COVID-19. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(3):629–39. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11030060.
Google Scholar
Liu X, Ping S, Gao W. Changes in undergraduate students’ psychological well-being as they experience university life. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(16):2864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162864.
Google Scholar
Morgan IG, Wu PC, Ostrin LA, Tideman JWL, Yam JC, Lan W, Baraas RC, He X, Sankaridurg P, Saw SM, et al. IMI risk factors for myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(5):3. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.5.3.
Google Scholar
Millsap RE. Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. New York: Routledge; 2012.
Wells CS. Assessing measurement invariance for applied research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2021.
Putnick DL, Bornstein MH. Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Dev Rev. 2016;41:71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004.
Google Scholar
Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14(3):464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834.
Google Scholar
Nelemans SA, Meeus WHJ, Branje SJT, Van Leeuwen K, Colpin H, Verschueren K, Goossens L. Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) short form: longitudinal measurement invariance in two community samples of youth. Assessment. 2019;26(2):235–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116685808.
Google Scholar
Prinsen CAC, Vohra S, Rose MR, Boers M, Tugwell P, Clarke M, Williamson PR, Terwee CB. How to select outcome measurement instruments for outcomes included in a “Core Outcome Set” – a practical guideline. Trials. 2016;17(1):449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1555-2.
Google Scholar
Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, de Vet HCW, Terwee CB. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1798-3.
Google Scholar
Crutzen R, Peters GY. Scale quality: alpha is an inadequate estimate and factor-analytic evidence is needed first of all. Health Psychol Rev. 2017;11(3):242–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2015.1124240.
Google Scholar
Weir JP. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19(1):231–40. https://doi.org/10.1519/15184.1.
Google Scholar
Curran PJ, West SG, Finch JF. The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychol Methods. 1996;1(1):16–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16.
Google Scholar
Wu D, Rockett IRH, Yang T, Feng X, Jiang S, Yu L. Deliberate self-harm among Chinese medical students: a population-based study. J Affect Disord. 2016;202:137–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.030.
Google Scholar
Lewis V. Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use, 5th edition. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2016;40(3):294–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12484.
Google Scholar
Han K, Colarelli SM, Weed NC. Methodological and statistical advances in the consideration of cultural diversity in assessment: a critical review of group classification and measurement invariance testing. Psychol Assess. 2019;31(12):1481–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000731.
Google Scholar
Manyeneng LG, Pilusa ML, Mogotlane MS. Health and safety risks affecting part-time nursing students. Health SA. 2021;26:1404. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1404.
Google Scholar
Bard HA, O’Driscoll C, Miller CB, Henry AL, Cape J, Espie CA. Insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptoms interact and individually impact functioning: a network and relative importance analysis in the context of insomnia. Sleep Med. 2023;101:505–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2022.12.005.
Google Scholar
Jiang C, Ma H, Luo Y, Fong DYT, Umucu E, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Liu X, Liu X, Spruyt K, et al. Validation of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 integrating exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2023;84:194–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.07.008.
Google Scholar
Jiang C, Mastrotheodoros S, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Hallit S, Zhao B, Fan Y, Huang M, Chen C, Ma H, et al. The Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire-13: psychometric properties and measurement invariance for medical students. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023;16:71–83. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S385510.
Google Scholar
Jiang C, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Tan C-S, Mastrotheodoros S, Costa P, Chen L, Guo L, Ma H, Meng R. Validation of the Chinese version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: evidence from a three-wave longitudinal study. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):345. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01293-1.
Google Scholar
Guo WP, Min Q, Gu WW, Yu L, Xiao X, Yi WB, Li HL, Huang B, Li JL, Dai YJ, et al. Prevalence of mental health problems in frontline healthcare workers after the first outbreak of COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021;19(1):103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01743-7.
Google Scholar
Meaklim H, Junge MF, Varma P, Finck WA, Jackson ML. Pre-existing and post-pandemic insomnia symptoms are associated with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):2085–97. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9354.
Google Scholar
Morin CM. Insomnia: psychological assessment and management. New York: Guilford; 1993.
Edinger JD, Bonnet MH, Bootzin RR, Doghramji K, Dorsey CM, Espie CA, Jamieson AO, McCall WV, Morin CM, Stepanski EJ. Derivation of research diagnostic criteria for insomnia: report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group. Sleep. 2004;27(8):1567–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.8.1567.
Google Scholar
Viladrich C, Angulo-Brunet A, Doval E. A journey around alpha and omega to estimate internal consistency reliability. An Psicol. 2017;33(3):755–82. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401.
Google Scholar
link